Rodindoi phanglimata mashkar Rromani kultura hai e niva tolmachimaski
Translation Romani
Telulano-Ramomos hai Glaso-Opral Rikordimos

Subtitling, voiceover thai dubbing si le mai bare modurya hai preferime praktsiyi katar o ashunimaske-dikhimasko tolmachimos (AVT) ando pramatnone tolmachimaski buki, thai yazno dometo spetsyalizizáko ande Tolmachimaske Studiyi. Istorikalnones, ashunimasko-dikhimasko tolmachimos anklisto ande l' bersha 1920to kana aresle le filmurya glasonensa thai le nedazhdimata la Amerikaske filmange industriya te tradel katar o them filmurya Inglezitskones,  spesyalnones ande Ivropa pala le duitone-lumiyako marimos. E mai angluni forma kakale tolmachimaske lyas a forma "intertitles" ekh swato ka mothol swaturya ramome thodine mashkar filmange kadri. Desar e introduktsiya hangosko ande filmurya, teknologiyi line le dolozhi ando prochesurya, nedazhdimata thai shaimata kai azban telaluno-ramomos, glaso-opral hai "dubbing" produktsiyi. Le ashunimaske-dikhimaske tolmachimata kai dine yakh pe formurya kerdile la sinematako ande l' bersha nakhle akana mai buflyarde pesko dometo, parrudilo katar e globalaisimatsiya produktsiyako hai buflyarimatange prochesurya, maladimata hai akwizitsiyi. televizhono, DVD, Miriyazha hai mobilonenge teknologiyi. Akana si ekh chachuno dometo kai si lumiyako, bute-shibango, bute-kulturalno, hai bute-mediyango.

Tolmachimaske prochesurya si ferdi yekh veriga ando baro lantso produktsiyako vash telaluno-ramomos, "dubbing" vai glaso-opral. Le swaturya dine-duma glasonensa hai kerdile dikhimaskones vash o ekrano  zhivindin-pe khetanes bute kavre ashunimaske sonorya (sar e muzika  hai samnurya dikhimaske, kuvimata le wastenge) save, ferdi kana maladine, keren konteksto kai prindjardyol kai dikhitorya. Telalune-ramomosko tolmachimos operil-pe telal spesifikni tangimata. O teksto sikadyol po ekrano traditsyonalnones nai les mai but katar dui lineyi mai but worka mai xansi 70 bukli khetane, hai gineralnones, xasarel pasha 40 porchento xasarimos katar e originalnone kontentoski informatsiya. O skurtyarimos le diyalogosko katar lesko originalno mosko modo ka ramome sumariyo trobun ke le tolmacha den yakh mai-bares pe releventsiya, intento hai te aresel ka halyarimaske komunikativni impresiya. Tolmacha, kas dinile ekh xayingake shibaki transkriptsiya  katar o diyalogo hai deskriptsiya dikhimaske informatsiyake musai te aven haznichi te keren segmentimos, tangyarimos hai te parafrezin  le lineyi le diyalogoske, savo ando pesko than, kam-aven adaptime kai shib. "Dubbing" trobul mai but sinkroniya fatsasa thai hangosa. Vusht-sinkronaizime "dubbing," re-rikordil o originalno glasosko trako thai tsegome-shikabe aktoriya kai chiton/ginen o tolmachimos katar la xayingake shibako diyalogo. Glaso-opral, si tekniko haznime butivar ando nevimos, diwanurya kutariryansa hai dokumentariyi, gineralnones rikordil o tolmachime glaso opral o originalno glaso hai mukel tsirra segundurya  katar o originalno hango ka o kezdimos hai ka o gor.

Istorikalnones, telalalune-ramomata sas hamime tolmachimasa hai do-shibake verziyi. Sargodi, telaluno-ramomos le kashukenge thai le do-pashune kashukenge (SDH), kai si thodino ando zakono  ande but thema, si akanutnones ekh dometo kai parruvel-pe fugasa. Nichi si filmurya thai programurya po televizhono le yekhorre mediya  te tolmachisavol: Komputeriyoske programuryange aplikatsiyi thai videyo-khelimata thai-vi keren haznimos katar ashunimaske-dikhimaske teknichi. Ande wurma, Maladine le standardni modurya produktsiyake organaizime  katar konventsyonalni korporya sar le spesyalaizime atelerya hai adjentsiyi, akanutnes ame arakhas neve direktsiyi sar fansubbing and fandubbing,  kai  ashunimaske-dikhimaske mediyi si dinile telalune-ramomos hai glaso-opral katar komuniteturya fanonenge. Thai-vi, pe regate korporaysyake propriyetariyake hai pramatni programurya thodine ando than te ingaren vuche kalitatengo telaluno-ramomos, zhivindin phuterde-xayingake programurya thai freeware vash o haznimos bi-pramatno. Vash egzemplo, YouTube provyantil funktsyonaliteturya haznitoriyange te keren penge anavyarimata hai telalune-ramomaske videyo-diyalogoske. But tolmacha alosaren te spesyalaizin pramatnones ando ashunimasko-dikhimasko tolmachimos,  sar ekha penge direktsiya ekspertizaki. Sikayimos si disponiblo ande wuni akademisoske chentriya numa gineralnones si katar pramatni atelerya.

Referentsiyi:

Baker, Mona and Gabriela Saldanha (eds), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. 2nd Edition, London / New York: Routledge, 2009.

Díaz Cintas, Jorge and Aline Remael (2007), Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling, Translation Practices Explained Series, Manchester & Kinderhook: St. Jerome Publishing.

Díaz Cintas, Jorge, Anna Matamala and Josélia Neves (eds), New Insights into Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility. Media for All 2, Amsterdam / New York: Rodopi, 2010.

Gambier, Yves and Henrik Gottlieb (eds), (Multi)Media Translation, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 2001.

Gambier, Yves and Luc Van Doorslaer (eds), Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 1, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. Also online.

Ivarsson, Jan (Transedit, Sweden) -- "Translation and Subtitling Resources" (updated 2010) website.

Orero, Pilar (ed), Topics in audiovisual translation, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 2004.

Riggio, Francesca, "Dubbing vs Subtitling", published in Multilingual Oct/Nov 2010. Available online.


Translation Romani

Kolkorro Rromano swato Other Romani Word
Trushalo(i) sim (Kalderash)
Trušalo(i) sem (Gurbeti)
Trushalo(i,e) sim! (Lovari)
Tursalo (i) sem/sijum (Xoraxane)
 I`m thirsty (EN)  Estou com sede (PT)  J'ai soif (FR)  Tengo sed (ES)  Ich habe Durst (DE)  Szomjas vagyok (HU)  Ho sete (IT)  Susadım (TR)  Mám žízeň (CS)


Kames te tolmachis kakya patrin?
Kamas-manges te tolmachis kako artikulo ande kiri shib? Te plachal tut, trade tiri tolmachiya ka translation@translationromani.net. Yekh data kana parrudyilo, kam-avel ankalado po saito.