Rodindoi phanglimata mashkar Rromani kultura hai e niva tolmachimaski
Translation Romani
Tolmachimaske Studiyi

O akademikósko disiplino le tolmachimsaske studiyi anklisto polokorres, katar o baryarimasko korpo dokumentatsiyako kerdino le tolmachandar (tolmachaske swaturya mai anglal. vorbimata/komentarya, ke-kola) thai skolarichi sikade ande but-fyalurya disiplinurya kai rrazinas pe l' obzervatsiyi hai konkretoske obichaya tolmachimaske kai line than desar shela bersh. O James Holmes sas o mai angluno akademiko te kerel le peramaterya le disiplinoske (1972/1988) thai hulade les ande dui kategoriyi gineralni (Wuzho hai Thodino), kadale kai si mashkar lende but teyoratikalni hai praktikalni pashumata kai azban le studiyi tolmachimaske sar ekh fenomeno peste hai pestar. Zhi-ka na dumult, le mai but historiyi tolmachimaske hai  publikatsiyi  pe l' teyoriyi tolmachimaske sas chentrime pe l' Westinakane Bibliyake, klasikalni hai lilenge traditsiyi. O Eugene Nida, bazime pe l' lingwistikalni studiyi le Chomskyake, sas yekh anda le mai anglune skolarichi (1969) to promotil ekh "siyensiya" neg ekh "arta" tolmachimaski, haznindoi le bare korpurya kai den le tolmachimata Bibliyake sas rodimasko miteriyalo.

Ande peski relativnones skurto istoriya sar akademikosko disiplino, Tolmachimaske studiyi kerdine gogyaver rodimaske modelurya kai aven katar o maladimos avre perspektivi thai-vi tolmachimos sar pushimaski treyaba.  Le gindimata igalitetoske hai chachimaske ka o teksto xayingako (thai o swato-swatosko protivo gogi-vash-gogi debati kai anklen) sas len lungo istoriya tolmachimaske komentarya, ande chi yekh tsini partiya katar e pakiv traditsiyonalno kai teksturya lilenge religiyake hai kanonikalni bute kulturansa istorikalnes de but bersha.

Le mai anglune linguistikalni pashumata kai studiyi tolmachimaske sas parruwimaske ande forma, hai dine yakh pe lingwistikalni makanizmurya, mikro-lingwistikalni punkti korespontsiyake, thai te parruyimata kai avile naturalnones ande formi mashkar dui lingwistikalni sistemi ando tolmachimos. Nyamptsitska studiyi tolmachimaske skolarimos ande l' bersha 1870to hai 1980to wodisardyas o disiplino ande direktsiya kai dikhlas tolmachimos sar ekh aktiviteto diwanosko (Pashumata funktsiyake), kai spesifikni formi hai diferentni razonurya  (Skopos) dikhlesas sar samnurya te ingarel le tolmacha  te haznin konkretoske strategiyi. Ande avre swaturya, ekh taipologiya  vash tolmachimos sas zurales dinamiko ande natura thai o mai angluno dimos-yakh pe analiso ka o swatoske hai e propozitsiyake nivelurya ando tolmachimos mukisaile ka l' makro-nivelo tekstuwalno hai diwanosko analiso  kontektstuwalaizimasko. Ande l' bersha 1990o, baryolas tolmachimaske studiyi. Pashumata filosofikalni tolmachimaste buflyardyas o diwano disiplinariyo ku ideyi katar "hermeneutic motion" (Steiner), chisto shib (Benjamin`s "Task of the Translator" rediscovered), hay bi-anzarimos (Derrida).

Polysistemange teyoriyi (Even-Zohar) kamas-shpidel o kerimos  neve metologiyange - Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) (Toury) -- save sas amboldine karing riseptsiya thai save propozime ke le normalurya ande sosiyeteturya tsegosome sas so, ande wurma, shinade o dostuwimos  thai o limos katar tolmachime tektsturya, sar o anklimos le literaturako Ivritskones ando Yizrael sikadyilo. Ande l' bersha 1990to le modelurya mukisaile mai yazni karing  e "kultura". Kodya sas atweto kai tribuyala te buflyarel mai yazno po anavyarimos tolmachimasko sar "lingwistikalno  hai kulturalno transferimos" , e "kulturalno amboldino'' ande tolmachimaske studiyi lyas benefito  katar le metodologiyi  kai anklen katar e baryarimaski mal katar kulturalni studiyi te studiyil tolmachimaske fenominurya sar mothodino katar o diwano la ideologyáko, djendra, pala-koloniyalizmo, pala-pluralizmo, ke-kola.

Ande o mai angluni dekada ando 21to kenturiya o rodimos dyas yakh mai but pe l' thodimata, dikhimos hai pakiva le tolmachange, spesyalnones  angla kaver adjenturya sosyalni kai den partisipatsiya ande produktsiya tomachiyange, vash egzemple e anklimaski/shtampimaski industriya. Thai-vi, neve istoriyi katar o  mongo tolmachimos dikhle bi-westikane traditsiyi thai e buki tolmachangi, te avel nevo-avilo ka o trupo nevikani buki anavyardi sar o nevo Sosiyologiya Tolmachimasko. Dimos yakh pe tolmacha thai pe tolmachimos sar procheso (neg  eksklusivnones sar produkto) thai-vi nevyarde prindjarimaske, sikiyolodjikalni hai nyurolingwistikalni pashumata karing tolmachimos."Think-Aloud Protocols" si len penge moderni kontrapartiti ando fMRIs hai sofistikalni yakhange-wurmarimaske aparati, Chachimaste, teknologiyi kerdine te avel nevi granitsa le disiplinoski. Na ferdi  si tolmachimos "tektso", thai-vi si "multi-mediyako semiyotikno  kerimos, kai lel dobunda katar o Interneto, glasoske hai videyoske teknologiyi. But, but bute-shibange paralelni korpurya hai tolmachimata kerdine pe Miriyazha, globalizatsiya, parruyimaske strategiyi, ande lokalizatsiya, thai mai but haznimos katar mashinange tolmachimata po Interneto shai-vi te shpiden studiyi tolmachimasko rodimos ande l' dekadi te aven.

Referentsiyi:

Baker, Mona (ed), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London / New York: Routledge, 1998.

Baker, Mona and Gabriela Saldanha (eds), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. 2nd Edition, London / New York: Routledge, 2009.

Baker, Mona (ed), Critical Readings in Translation Studies, London / New York: Routledge, 2010.

Delisle, Jean and Judith Woodsworth (eds), Translators Through History, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 1995.

Gambier, Yves and Luc Van Doorslaer (eds), Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 1, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. Also online. Translation Studies Bibliography Online (2004).

Malmkjær, Kirsten and Kevin Windle (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Translation Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Munday, Jeremy (2008), Introducing Translation Studies. Theories and applications. 2nd Edition, London / New York: Routledge.

Munday, Jeremy (ed), The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, London / New York: Routledge, 2009.

Pym, Anthony, "Video Material" - Translation Studies. Online.

Venuti, Lawrence (ed), The Translation Studies Reader. 2nd Edition, New York / London: Routledge, 2004.


Translation Romani

Kolkorro Rromano swato Other Romani Word
Katar aves? (Kalderash)
Katar san tu? (Gurbeti)
Katharutno(i) san? (Lovari)
Katar san/sijan (Xoraxane)
 Where are you from? (EN)  De onde você é? (PT)  D'où venez-vous? (FR)  ¿De dónde es usted?|¿De dónde eres? (ES)  Woher kommen Sie? (DE)  Hova valósi vagy? (HU)  Di dov'è lei? (IT)  Nerelisiniz? (TR)  Odkud jsi? (CS)


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